Each example follows a service into one sector and then follows a service that sector provides to another. Arrows run from provider to user. These are selected, sourced examples; they do not describe every organization or every connection.
The examples supplement the dissertation's explanation of interconnection. They are educational illustrations drawn from official sector sources, not new findings from the study.
Water and Wastewater SystemsReceives: Treatment chemicals
Trucks, trains, and ships bring raw materials to chemical plants. These plants make chemicals that water systems use for treatment. A late shipment can affect more than one service.
Primary Cross-Sector Interdependencies: transportation carries incoming raw materials and finished chemicals; water systems depend on chemical products for purification and sanitation.
02 · Commercial Facilities
Turn a hotel into shelter
Water and Wastewater SystemsProvides: Water + sanitation
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Commercial Facilities
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Emergency ServicesReceives: Disaster shelter space
Hotels need clean water and a way to remove wastewater. During a disaster, some hotels and other buildings offer shelter space that emergency services can use.
Printed p. 10, Water and Emergency Services dependency rows: water supply and wastewater treatment support commercial buildings; emergency services use commercial facilities as shelters. Printed p. 88 specifies hotels and motels.
03 · Communications
Send a payment across town
EnergyProvides: Electricity
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Communications
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Financial ServicesReceives: Transaction messages
Phone and data networks need power. They carry payments between people, shops, and banks. A digital payment depends on both power and a working link.
Dependencies lists energy supplying electricity to communications facilities and communications carrying financial transactions and market operations.
04 · Critical Manufacturing
Build the vehicles that move us
ChemicalProvides: Process chemicals
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Critical Manufacturing
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Transportation SystemsReceives: Vehicles + parts
Factories use chemicals such as paints and solvents. Some make the vehicles and parts used on roads, railways, and in air travel. The trip begins with materials used on the factory floor.
Printed p. 23, Transportation Manufacturing: vehicle, aviation/aerospace products and parts, and railroad rolling-stock manufacturing.
05 · Dams
Deliver water to a farm
CommunicationsProvides: Remote monitoring
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Dams
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Food and AgricultureReceives: Irrigation water
Some dams use remote links for monitoring and control. Reservoirs can supply water to farms. A digital link can thus help manage the water used to grow food.
Critical Sector Dependencies and Interdependencies, Communications and Food & Agriculture entries: telecommunications supports remote operation; dam assets provide crop irrigation.
Government Services and FacilitiesReceives: Military equipment
Defense firms use parts made by other industries to build and maintain military equipment. That equipment supports work at military bases, one part of the government sector.
Printed p. 12, Defense Industrial Base dependency row: defense production relies on inputs from Critical Manufacturing; the plan also acknowledges sector overlap.
Printed p. 5 includes military installations. The outgoing arrow combines this sector classification with the defense-production function; it is an illustrative mapping, not an explicit universal dependency in either source.
07 · Emergency Services
Connect a call to hospital care
CommunicationsProvides: 911 calls + dispatch
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Emergency Services
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Healthcare and Public HealthReceives: Patient care + transport
Phone and radio networks carry calls for help and guide emergency crews. Emergency medical crews give care and can take patients to a hospital. The links matter from the first call to arrival.
Care for the Victim describes on-scene medical care; Get to the Right Hospital describes EMS transport of seriously injured patients to trauma centers.
08 · Energy
Keep a cell tower running
Transportation SystemsProvides: Fuel deliveries
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Energy
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CommunicationsReceives: Electricity
Railways, roads, waterways, and pipelines bring fuel to energy systems. The power they produce runs cell towers and other network sites. This is one supply path; energy sources and backup plans vary.
Printed p. 16, Sector and Cross-Sector Dependencies: the Energy sector depends on deliveries of coal, crude oil, petroleum products, and natural gas through transport systems.
Dependencies lists energy supplying electricity to cellular towers, central offices, and other communications facilities.
09 · Financial Services
Keeping purchases moving
CommunicationsProvides: Transaction messages
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Financial Services
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Food and AgricultureReceives: Financial services
Networks carry payments and other financial transactions. Banks and other financial firms support the businesses that grow, process, and sell our food.
The Commercial Facilities and Financial Services example identifies financial services as support for food and agriculture businesses.
10 · Food and Agriculture
From processing to the store
Water and Wastewater SystemsProvides: Processing water
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Food and Agriculture
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Commercial FacilitiesReceives: Food for sale
Food processors use water to make their products. The food they supply helps stock shops in the commercial sector. Trouble at a food plant can reach the store shelf.
The Water example describes municipal water used in food and ingredient processing. The Commercial Facilities example describes retail impacts from a food-sector disruption and food-sector reliance on commercial outlets.
11 · Government Services and Facilities
Keeping public services working
Information TechnologyProvides: Systems and software
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Government Services and Facilities
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Water and Wastewater SystemsReceives: Permits
Government offices use IT systems for daily work. Water utilities also need public services, such as permits. This link concerns both software and the permission needed to do the work.
The Government Facilities entry identifies obtaining permits as a water-sector dependency. This supports an administrative relationship, not a physical supply flow.
12 · Healthcare and Public Health
Supplies in, care out
Transportation SystemsProvides: Medical supplies
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Healthcare and Public Health
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Nuclear Reactors, Materials, and WasteReceives: Workforce health
Health providers need transport to bring medical supplies. Health services also help protect nuclear workers from disease outbreaks. One sector supplies care for the people who run another.
Key Interdependencies, Healthcare entry: the nuclear sector relies on healthcare to maintain workforce health and safety against pandemic disease.
13 · Information Technology
Delivering digital services
CommunicationsProvides: Service delivery links
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Information Technology
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Government Services and FacilitiesReceives: Systems and software
Phone and data networks help deliver IT services. Government offices use those tools for daily work, including financial transactions. Public services can depend on both networks and software.
Table 2 identifies IT support for daily operations and financial transactions.
14 · Nuclear Reactors, Materials, and Waste
Nuclear materials in medicine
Transportation SystemsProvides: Material shipments
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Nuclear Reactors, Materials, and Waste
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Healthcare and Public HealthReceives: Medical isotopes
The nuclear sector needs transport to move nuclear and radioactive materials. Some of these materials go to health providers for tests and treatments. This example follows medical uses.
Transportation Systems entry on p. 11 describes shipments of nuclear and radioactive materials to sites or end users. Healthcare entry on p. 12 identifies medical imaging, monitoring, and treatment uses.
15 · Transportation Systems
Fuel keeps food moving
EnergyProvides: Diesel fuel
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Transportation Systems
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Food and AgricultureReceives: Freight delivery
Diesel powers many trucks and trains. They carry supplies to farms and move food to plants, shops, and consumers. A fuel shortage can affect the path that food takes to the table.
The transportation example identifies shipment of farm inputs and delivery of agricultural products through processing, distribution, retail, and consumers. The final can-affect sentence combines the two documented dependencies as an illustrative inference.
16 · Water and Wastewater Systems
Clean water supports patient care
ChemicalProvides: Treatment chemicals
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Water and Wastewater Systems
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Healthcare and Public HealthReceives: Water for care
Water plants use treatment chemicals from outside suppliers. Health providers need water to clean, sterilize tools, and give care such as dialysis. Treatment supplies can matter far beyond the water plant.
Types of Dependencies, Physical example, identifies chemicals and electricity as water-facility inputs; the preceding supply-chain paragraph names chlorine for treatment.
Figure 8 Water and Wastewater Systems entry identifies sanitation, renal dialysis, sterilization, and other healthcare water uses. The final sentence is an illustrative inference from the two dependencies.
Information Technology is one shared layer across these sectors. IT and Communications work together to deliver digital services. A dependency does not mean that every disruption causes a failure elsewhere.