---
title: "Cite this research — Unconscious bias on the implementation and utilization of emerging technologies by law enforcement agencies, and effects on the security and privacy of citizens in Florida: A case study of Florida — Strategic Intelligence Research"
canonical_url: "https://www.strategicintelligenceresearch.org/references/mcmullen-2025-unconscious-bias/"
date_modified: "2026-09-16"
language: "en"
source_sha256: "c17a8ec604345ab4c1bd04f59be2d2ec8c263f5cc6a50649a7a392f532b9d419"
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Canonical page: https://www.strategicintelligenceresearch.org/references/mcmullen-2025-unconscious-bias/

Original research · Citation record

# Unconscious bias on the implementation and utilization of emerging technologies by law enforcement agencies, and effects on the security and privacy of citizens in Florida: A case study of Florida

Trei McMullen

Doctoral dissertation (Doctor of Global Security). American Public University System, 2025. ProQuest Dissertations & Theses.

ProQuest publication number: 31848616.

[Open the original scholarly record ↗](https://www.proquest.com/docview/3192204026)

## Cite this research

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APA 7

McMullen, T. (2025). *Unconscious bias on the implementation and utilization of emerging technologies by law enforcement agencies, and effects on the security and privacy of citizens in Florida: A case study of Florida* \[Doctoral dissertation (Doctor of Global Security), American Public University System\]. ProQuest Dissertations & Theses. <https://www.proquest.com/docview/3192204026>

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MLA 9

McMullen, Trei. *Unconscious Bias on the Implementation and Utilization of Emerging Technologies by Law Enforcement Agencies, and Effects on the Security and Privacy of Citizens in Florida: A Case Study of Florida*. 2025, ProQuest Dissertations & Theses. American Public University System, Doctoral dissertation (Doctor of Global Security). *ProQuest*, <https://www.proquest.com/docview/3192204026>.

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Chicago 18 · bibliography

McMullen, Trei. “Unconscious Bias on the Implementation and Utilization of Emerging Technologies by Law Enforcement Agencies, and Effects on the Security and Privacy of Citizens in Florida: A Case Study of Florida.” Doctoral dissertation (Doctor of Global Security), American Public University System, 2025. ProQuest Dissertations & Theses. <https://www.proquest.com/docview/3192204026>.

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Chicago 18 · author-date

McMullen, Trei. 2025. “Unconscious Bias on the Implementation and Utilization of Emerging Technologies by Law Enforcement Agencies, and Effects on the Security and Privacy of Citizens in Florida: A Case Study of Florida.” Doctoral dissertation (Doctor of Global Security), American Public University System. ProQuest Dissertations & Theses. <https://www.proquest.com/docview/3192204026>.

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This record identifies the original dissertation. The accompanying explainer is a separate work by Scott W. Waddell, D.S.I. Cite the dissertation for its findings and the explainer for its interpretation.

[Read the explainer](https://www.strategicintelligenceresearch.org/explainers/the-officers-said-no/)[Explore questions and evidence](https://www.strategicintelligenceresearch.org/explainers/the-officers-said-no/#reader-questions-title)[Explore the study presentation](https://www.strategicintelligenceresearch.org/studies/unconscious-bias-in-law-enforcement-technology/)


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