/* Study overview: the existing SIR typography and approved gold palette. */
.research-page { --signal: #e5b94f; overflow-x: clip; }
.research-page .site-header { position: relative; }
.research-main { overflow: visible; }
.research-container { width: min(100%, var(--content)); margin-inline: auto; padding-inline: var(--gutter); }
.research-main a { text-underline-offset: .23em; }
.research-main :is(a, button, summary):focus-visible { outline: 2px solid var(--signal); outline-offset: 5px; }
.research-main :is(h1, h2, h3, p) { margin-top: 0; }
.research-main p { line-height: 1.75; }
.research-hero { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1.2fr .8fr; align-items: center; gap: clamp(2rem, 6vw, 6rem); padding-top: 2.25rem; padding-bottom: 5rem; }
.research-back { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: .8rem; min-height: 44px; color: var(--muted); font: 400 .7rem/1.5 var(--mono); text-decoration: none; }
.research-back span { color: var(--signal); }
.research-kicker { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 1rem; margin: 0 0 1.2rem; color: var(--signal); font: 400 .68rem/1.6 var(--mono); letter-spacing: .06em; text-transform: uppercase; }
.research-kicker > span { color: var(--muted-meta); }
.research-hero .research-kicker { margin-top: 3.25rem; }
.research-hero h1 { margin: 0 0 1.5rem; color: var(--paper); font: 400 clamp(3.2rem, 5.9vw, 6rem)/.99 var(--display); letter-spacing: -.045em; }
.research-hero h1 em { color: var(--signal); font-weight: 400; }
.research-hero .research-hero__question { max-width: 35rem; color: var(--paper-deep); font: 400 clamp(1.15rem, 1.6vw, 1.4rem)/1.5 var(--sans); }
.research-attribution { margin: 1.8rem 0; color: var(--muted); font-size: .85rem; }
.research-attribution strong { font-weight: 500; color: var(--paper); }
.research-attribution > p { margin: 0; }
.research-attribution > .research-attribution__meta { display: block; margin-top: .3rem; color: var(--muted); font-size: .78rem; }
.research-actions { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: center; gap: .75rem 1.6rem; margin-top: 1.8rem; }
.research-button { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between; gap: 2rem; min-height: 52px; padding: .85rem 1.3rem; color: var(--ink); background: var(--signal); font-size: .85rem; font-weight: 600; text-decoration: none; border: 1px solid var(--signal); transition: background .2s; }
.research-button:hover { background: var(--paper); }
.research-text-link { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between; gap: 1rem; min-height: 44px; padding-block: .5rem; font-size: .85rem; }
.research-text-link span { color: var(--signal); }

.research-cover { padding: 2rem 1rem 1rem; align-self: center; }
.research-cover__sheet { position: relative; isolation: isolate; max-width: 430px; margin-inline: auto; padding: 2rem; border: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--signal) 55%, var(--ink)); background: var(--ink-soft); transform: rotate(3deg); box-shadow: 14px 14px 0 var(--ink), 15px 15px 0 var(--line); }
.research-cover__top, .research-cover__bottom { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; gap: 1rem; color: var(--muted); font: 400 .58rem/1.65 var(--mono); letter-spacing: .045em; text-transform: uppercase; }
.research-cover__top > :last-child { text-align: right; color: var(--signal); }
.research-cover__art { position: relative; width: 100%; height: clamp(100px, 13vw, 175px); margin: 2.5rem 0 1.8rem; overflow: hidden; }
.research-cover__art i { position: absolute; width: 55%; aspect-ratio: 1; border: 1px solid var(--signal); border-radius: 50%; top: 0; left: 0; opacity: .65; }
.research-cover__art i:nth-child(2) { left: 23%; }
.research-cover__art i:nth-child(3) { left: 46%; }
.research-cover__art > span { position: absolute; inset: 0; background: repeating-linear-gradient(0deg, transparent 0, transparent 14px, var(--line) 14px, var(--line) 15px); }
.research-cover .research-cover__title { margin: 0 0 2.5rem; color: var(--paper); font: 400 clamp(2rem, 3.8vw, 3.7rem)/1.08 var(--display); letter-spacing: -.03em; }
.research-cover__title em { color: var(--signal); }
.research-cover__bottom { padding-top: 1rem; border-top: 1px solid var(--line-strong); }

.research-nav { position: sticky; top: 0; z-index: 30; background: var(--ink); border-block: 1px solid var(--line-strong); }
.research-nav__inner { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: clamp(1rem, 4vw, 5rem); }
.research-nav__label { flex: 0 0 auto; color: var(--muted); font: 400 .63rem/1.5 var(--mono); letter-spacing: .05em; text-transform: uppercase; }
.research-nav__links { display: flex; flex: 1; justify-content: space-between; gap: .5rem 1.5rem; }
.research-nav a { display: flex; align-items: center; min-height: 68px; padding: 1rem 0; border-bottom: 2px solid transparent; color: var(--muted); font-size: .8rem; text-decoration: none; }
.research-nav a:hover, .research-nav a[aria-current] { color: var(--signal); border-color: var(--signal); }
.research-section { display: grid; grid-template-columns: .8fr 1.2fr; gap: 2rem clamp(2rem, 6vw, 7rem); padding-block: clamp(3.5rem, 6vw, 6rem); scroll-margin-top: 90px; outline: none; }
.research-section + .research-section { border-top: 1px solid var(--line); }
.research-section__heading h2 { margin-bottom: 1.25rem; color: var(--paper); font: 400 clamp(2.25rem, 3.7vw, 3.8rem)/1.08 var(--display); letter-spacing: -.04em; }
.research-section__heading > p:not(.research-kicker) { max-width: 32rem; margin-bottom: 1.25rem; color: var(--muted); font-size: .9rem; }
.research-section__body { min-width: 0; }
.research-section__body h3 { margin-bottom: 1rem; color: var(--paper); font-size: 1.25rem; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.45; }
.research-section__body .research-question { font: 400 clamp(1.65rem, 2.1vw, 2.3rem)/1.3 var(--display); letter-spacing: -.015em; }
.research-section__body > p { color: var(--muted); }
.research-section__body > .research-lede { font-size: 1rem; }
.research-source-label { color: var(--muted-meta); font-size: .73rem; line-height: 1.6; }
.research-takeaway { padding: 1.6rem 1.8rem; margin: 2rem 0; background: var(--ink-raised); border-left: 2px solid var(--signal); }
.research-takeaway > p { margin-bottom: 1rem; }
.research-takeaway > p:last-child { margin-bottom: 0; }
.research-qualification { color: var(--muted); font-size: .85rem; line-height: 1.7; }
.research-qualification strong { color: var(--paper); font-weight: 500; }
.research-evidence { display: grid; gap: 1rem; list-style: none; padding: 0; margin: 1.5rem 0 0; }
.research-evidence a { color: var(--paper); font-size: .8rem; line-height: 1.5; }
.research-evidence a > span { color: var(--signal); }
.research-evidence li > span { display: block; margin-top: .35rem; color: var(--muted); font-size: .73rem; line-height: 1.6; }
.research-section--stack { display: block; }
.research-section--stack .research-section__heading { margin-bottom: 2.2rem; }
.research-findings { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr)); gap: 1.5rem; }
.research-finding { padding: clamp(1.5rem, 3vw, 2.8rem); background: var(--ink-soft); border: 1px solid var(--line-strong); scroll-margin-top: 90px; }
.research-finding__label { display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between; gap: 1rem; padding-bottom: 1.5rem; margin-bottom: 1.5rem; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); color: var(--signal); font: 400 .62rem/1.5 var(--mono); text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: .04em; }
.research-finding__label > :first-child { font-size: 1.1rem; }
.research-finding h3 { max-width: 27rem; margin-bottom: 1.25rem; color: var(--paper); font: 400 clamp(1.75rem, 2.5vw, 2.6rem)/1.16 var(--display); letter-spacing: -.025em; }
.research-finding__answer { color: var(--paper-deep); font-size: .95rem; }
.research-finding__limits { margin-top: 1.5rem; padding-top: 1.4rem; border-top: 1px solid var(--line); }
.research-finding h4 { margin: 0 0 .6rem; color: var(--signal); font-size: .8rem; font-weight: 500; }
.research-finding__limits p { margin-bottom: 0; color: var(--muted); font-size: .85rem; }
.research-finding .research-evidence { padding-top: 1rem; }
.research-methods { margin: 2rem 0; }
.research-methods > div { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 145px 1fr; gap: 1rem; padding-block: 1.2rem; border-top: 1px solid var(--line); }
.research-methods dt { color: var(--paper); font-size: .8rem; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.7; }
.research-methods dd { margin: 0; color: var(--muted); font-size: .9rem; line-height: 1.7; }
.research-details { border-block: 1px solid var(--line-strong); }
.research-details summary { min-height: 52px; padding-block: 1rem; cursor: pointer; font-size: .85rem; }
.research-details summary::marker { color: var(--signal); }
.research-details .research-evidence { margin: 0 0 1.5rem; }
.research-basis { display: inline-block; padding: .4rem .65rem; border: 1px solid var(--line-strong); color: var(--signal) !important; font: 400 .62rem/1.5 var(--mono); }
.research-provenance { margin-top: 2rem; padding-top: 1.5rem; border-top: 1px solid var(--line); font-size: .8rem; }
.research-explore-heading { display: flex; align-items: flex-end; justify-content: space-between; gap: 2rem; }
.research-explore-heading > p { max-width: 25rem !important; }
.research-resources { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr)); gap: 1.25rem; }
.research-resource { display: flex; flex-direction: column; align-items: flex-start; min-width: 0; padding: 1.8rem; background: var(--ink-soft); border-top: 2px solid var(--signal); }
.research-resource__type { display: block; margin-bottom: 2rem; color: var(--signal); font: 400 .63rem/1.5 var(--mono); letter-spacing: .03em; text-transform: uppercase; }
.research-resource h3 { margin-bottom: 1rem; color: var(--paper); font: 400 clamp(1.65rem, 2.5vw, 2.3rem)/1.16 var(--display); letter-spacing: -.025em; }
.research-resource p { color: var(--muted); font-size: .85rem; }
.research-resource__meta { display: block; width: 100%; margin-top: auto; margin-bottom: 1rem; padding: 1rem 0; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); color: var(--muted); font: 400 .62rem/1.5 var(--mono); }
.research-resource a { padding-block: .65rem; font-size: .85rem; }
.research-resource a > span { color: var(--signal); }
.research-resource .research-resource__secondary { color: var(--muted); font-size: .76rem; }
.research-citations .citation-style { border-color: var(--line-strong); }
.research-citations .citation-help { color: var(--muted); }
.research-citations .citation-intro { margin-top: 0; color: var(--muted); font-size: .85rem; }
.research-citations .citation-status { color: var(--signal); }
.research-colophon { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; gap: 2rem 6rem; padding-block: 2rem 3.5rem; border-top: 1px solid var(--line); }
.research-colophon p:not(.research-kicker) { max-width: 35rem; color: var(--muted); font-size: .78rem; }
.research-colophon .article-byline { color: var(--paper) !important; }
.research-colophon .article-byline strong { font-weight: 500; }

@media (min-width: 1600px) { .research-hero { padding-top: 3rem; padding-bottom: 6rem; } }
@media (max-width: 1050px) {
  .research-hero { grid-template-columns: 1.2fr .8fr; gap: 2rem; }
  .research-cover { padding-inline: 0; }
  .research-cover__sheet { padding: 1.4rem; }
  .research-nav__label { display: none; }
  .research-section { grid-template-columns: .75fr 1.25fr; gap: 2rem; }
  .research-resource { padding: 1.25rem; }
}
@media (max-width: 760px) {
  .research-hero { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 2.2rem; padding-top: 1.2rem; padding-bottom: 3.5rem; }
  .research-hero .research-kicker { margin-top: 2.25rem; }
  .research-hero h1 { font-size: clamp(3rem, 8.2vw, 4.8rem); }
  .research-hero__question { font-size: 1.15rem; }
  .research-cover { width: min(95%, 430px); margin-inline: auto; padding: .5rem 0; }
  .research-cover__sheet { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1.2fr 1fr; column-gap: 1rem; padding: 1.3rem; transform: rotate(2deg); }
  .research-cover__top, .research-cover__bottom { grid-column: 1 / -1; }
  .research-cover__art { grid-column: 2; grid-row: 2; align-self: center; height: 80px; margin: 0; }
  .research-cover .research-cover__title { grid-column: 1; grid-row: 2; font-size: 1.7rem; margin-block: 1.5rem; }
  .research-nav__inner { padding-inline: var(--gutter); }
  .research-nav__links { flex-wrap: wrap; justify-content: flex-start; gap: 0; }
  .research-nav a { flex: 1 0 33.333%; justify-content: center; min-height: 42px; padding: .65rem .4rem; font-size: .74rem; }
  .research-section { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 1.5rem; padding-block: 3rem; scroll-margin-top: 106px; }
  .research-section__heading h2 { font-size: 2.65rem; }
  .research-findings, .research-resources, .research-colophon { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .research-finding { scroll-margin-top: 106px; }
  .research-section__heading > p:not(.research-kicker) { max-width: none; }
  .research-explore-heading { display: block; }
  .research-explore-heading > p { max-width: none !important; }
  .research-methods > div { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: .3rem; }
  .research-takeaway { padding: 1.3rem; }
  .research-resource { padding: 1.5rem; }
  .research-resource__type { margin-bottom: 1.2rem; }
  .research-colophon { gap: 1.5rem; padding-block: 2rem; }
}
@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  html:has(.research-page) { scroll-behavior: auto; }
  .research-page * { transition: none !important; }
}
@media print {
  .research-page { background: white; color: black; }
  .research-cover, .research-nav, .research-actions, .research-back { display: none; }
  .research-hero, .research-section, .research-colophon, .research-findings, .research-resources { display: block; }
  .research-container { padding: 1rem 0; }
  .research-hero h1 { font-size: 32pt; }
  .research-main * { color: black !important; background: transparent !important; box-shadow: none !important; }
  .research-finding, .research-resource { margin-block: 1rem; break-inside: avoid; }
  .research-section, .research-finding { scroll-margin: 0; }
  .research-details > :not(summary), .citation-style > :not(summary) { display: block; }
}

/* The study can be scanned first, with the published detail available on demand. */
.research-more-findings { margin-top: 1.5rem; }
.research-supplement { display: grid; gap: 2rem; padding: 1rem 0 2rem; }
.research-supplement article { max-width: 70ch; }
.research-supplement article + article { padding-top: 2rem; border-top: 1px solid var(--line); }
.research-supplement h3 { color: var(--paper); font: 400 1.6rem/1.25 var(--display); }
.research-supplement p:not(.research-kicker), .research-method-copy, .research-recommendations { color: var(--muted); font-size: .9rem; line-height: 1.75; }
.research-design { margin: 2rem 0; }
.research-design__surveys, .research-design__statements { padding: 1.4rem; background: var(--ink-soft); border: 1px solid var(--line-strong); }
.research-design__statements { margin-top: 1rem; border-left: 2px solid var(--signal); }
.research-design__groups { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; gap: 1rem; }
.research-design strong { display: block; color: var(--signal); font: 400 2.5rem/1.2 var(--display); }
.research-design span, .research-design small { display: block; }
.research-design span { color: var(--paper); font-size: .85rem; }
.research-design small { color: var(--muted); font-size: .73rem; }
.research-design .research-design__outcome { margin: 0; padding-top: .85rem; border-top: 1px solid var(--line); color: var(--muted); font-size: .75rem; }
.research-design figcaption { margin-top: 1rem; color: var(--muted); font-size: .75rem; line-height: 1.7; }
.research-method-chapters { margin-top: 2rem; }
.research-method-chapters .research-details + .research-details { border-top: 0; }
.research-method-chapters summary { position: relative; display: block; padding-right: 2rem; color: var(--paper); font-size: .95rem; line-height: 1.65; list-style: none; }
.research-method-chapters summary::-webkit-details-marker { display: none; }
.research-method-chapters summary::after { content: '+'; position: absolute; right: .25rem; top: 1rem; color: var(--signal); font-size: 1.25rem; }
.research-method-chapters details[open] summary::after { content: '−'; }
.research-method-chapters summary span { display: block; margin-bottom: .2rem; color: var(--signal); font: 400 .63rem/1.7 var(--mono); text-transform: uppercase; }
.research-method-copy { padding-block: .5rem 1rem; }
.research-method-copy h4 { margin: 1rem 0 .4rem; color: var(--paper); font-size: .9rem; font-weight: 500; }
.research-method-copy .note { padding: 1rem 1.2rem; border-left: 2px solid var(--signal); background: var(--ink-raised); }
.research-method-copy .note p { margin: 0; }
.research-method-copy ol { padding-left: 1.5rem; }
.research-recommendations summary { color: var(--paper); }
.research-recommendations ul { padding-left: 1.2rem; }
.research-recommendations li { margin-block: .75rem; }
.research-resource audio { width: 100%; min-width: 0; margin-block: .5rem; }
@media (min-width: 761px) {
  .research-resources--four { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr)); }
}